- Literacy is the ability to read, write, speak, listen, use technology, express and understand ideas, opinions, and feelings, make decisions and solve problems, achieve goals, and fully interact in academic, workplace, and other social settings. Achieving literacy is a lifelong learning process (Adapted from Literacy Texas).
- Numeracy refers to the knowledge and skills required to effectively manage and respond to mathematical demands posed by diverse situations, involving objects, pictures, numbers, symbols, formulas, diagrams, maps, graphs, tables and text (UNESCO, 2005). It is the ability to access, use, interpret, and communicate mathematical information and ideas, to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life (Adult Numeracy Network and PIAAC Cycle 1).